horos and Chañaral Islands are two of three islands that make up the Humboldt Penguin National Reserve, situated 600 km (372.8 miles) north of Santiago, Chile.
Why are Choros and Chañaral Islands Important?
- Once home to over 100,000 pairs of IUCN Endangered Peruvian Diving-petrel (Pelecanoides garnotii)
- Home to 80% of the world’s Vulnerable Humboldt Penguin population
- Unique desert islands that host a variety of threatened native Chilean plant species
For millennia, the seabirds and sensitive desert plants thrived together in the Humboldt Penguin National Reserve. Everything changed early in the 20th century when the European rabbit was introduced to Choros and Chañaral Islands. Invasive rabbits stripped bare the herbs and shrubs, occupied diving-petrel nests, and devoured the cactus species that provided shaded nest sites for penguin chicks.
Chañaral Island once supported the world’s largest population of the Peruvian Diving-petrel, but they were extirpated due to invasive species. This left Choros Island as the only significant breeding colony for the diving-petrel within the Reserve. In addition to the many threats these seabird species face at sea, the loss of breeding habitat put these birds at risk of extinction and threatened to compromise a budding eco-tourism industry centered around seabird and marine mammal observation.
In 2013, the Chilean National Forestry Corporation (CONAF), in collaboration with Island Conservation, removed invasive rabbits from Choros Island. 2016, the partners removed invasive rabbits from Chañaral Island.
On Choros Island, fields of seedlings, hillsides covered in the threatened flower Alstroemeria philippii, and Peruvian Diving-petrels seeking out burrows signal a return to ecological health. On Chañaral Island, barren landscapes have been replaced by fields of flowers and 16 native plant species never-before recorded on this island are thriving.
In 2018, the partners declared the removal of invasive rabbits from the Humboldt Penguin National Reserve a success. This achievement makes the Reserve the first protected area within the Chilean Protected Areas Network to be free of invasive vertebrate pest species. The partnership will continue to monitor the island ecosystems for signs of recovery in the coming years.
Choros and Chañaral Support
Native, threatened Chilean desert plant species.
An important Peruvian Diving-petrel population.
Eco-tourism and the fishing communities that depend on healthy island ecosystems.
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Maddy PottPrincipal of Technical Content
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